Blood and Circuses: Football and the Fight for Europe's Rebel Republics

In the first year of the last decade of the twentieth century, Europe's two great socialist empires collapsed suddenly. After years of subservience to Moscow and Belgrade, national leaders at the margins of the Soviet and Yugoslav spheres now played for the highest stakes. What had previously been administrative internal borders became wild international frontiers where sickening violence reared its ugly head amongst the peoples of Eastern Europe.

Journalist Rob O'Connor follows those peoples for whom sovereignty and freedom have come at the highest price, telling their stories from the perspective of that ultimate laboratory of social science, the football pitch. As new nations have sought to rescue what is left of their cultures from the wreckage of forced Sovietisation, football has joined up the past with a deeply uncertain present.

In these stories, the game is played both as an act of resistance and as an act of rebuilding. It represents ideas about identity and community – a pacifist's alternative to the butt of a rifle. In war, football survives to remind people of their humanity.